A Global War, A Local Commitment
Hawaii’s contributions during World War I went beyond the battlefield. The islands showed a deep commitment to supporting the U.S. and its allies through enlistment, defense readiness, fundraising, and humanitarian aid. It’s a story of civic duty, resilience, and unity—thousands of miles from the trenches, but never out of the fight.
What Was World War I?
World War I (1914–1918) was one of the most far-reaching conflicts in modern history. Though the main battlefields were in Europe, the effects were global—and Hawaii, a U.S. territory at the time, played a vital and multifaceted role in supporting the war effort.
The war pitted the Allied Powers—Britain, France, Russia, and later the U.S.—against the Central Powers, led by Germany and Austria-Hungary. It was marked by:
- Brutal trench warfare
- Rapid advances in military technology
- Massive loss of life and economic upheaval
The U.S. officially entered the war on April 6, 1917, following Germany’s aggressive actions at sea and the revealing of the Zimmermann Telegram, which proposed a German-Mexican alliance.
Hawaii’s Role in the War Effort
Despite its distance from the front lines, Hawaii stepped up in a big way—militarily, financially, and through community support.
Military Contributions
- Thousands Enlisted: Many young men from Hawaii voluntarily joined the Army and Navy.
- National Guard Expansion: Grew from 977 members in 1915 to over 4,800 by 1916.
- Naval Militia in Action: Hawaii’s naval militia was activated in April 1917, with service on the USS St. Louis.
Defense and Security at Home
- Harbor Patrols: Honolulu harbor came under tight security—docks were closed at night, and military patrols increased.
- German Vessels Seized: Several German ships in Hawaiian ports were confiscated, and their crews detained.
- Communication Censorship: Information was monitored to protect military operations and public morale.
Financial and Humanitarian Support
- War Bonds Raised: Over $5 million collected for U.S. war financing through local bond drives.
- International Aid: More than $120,000 donated to war-torn countries like Belgium, France, and Poland.
- War Relief Committee: Continued fundraising throughout the conflict to help European civilians.
Community and Civilian Engagement
- Schools & Youth Programs: Children joined efforts like Victory Boys and Victory Girls, pledging savings and volunteer hours.
- Local Organizing: Civic groups and neighborhood clubs hosted events, sold war stamps, and supported troops from afar.